Creation of Isreal

Zionism is an international movement originally of the establishment of a Jewish community in Palestine of the support of Israel. It was founded by Theodore Herzi in 1897, the name "Zion" comes from pronounced "Tzyion" in Hebrew, called after a hill in Jerusalem. After the end of World War II, the Jews had established a movement to re-create a Jewish nation in the land of Israel, the UN embassy decided to separate the land of two states, 45% of the land was the Arabs, and 55% of land was Jewish. The adoption of the Partition Plan by the UN General Assembly, the Arab Commitee had rejected the plan, and threatened to strike on Jewish civilians, to attack neighborhoods. The attacks caused by the Arabs began a battle between the Jews and the Arabs, and began a civil war, for their independence.

Apartheid and Nelson Mendela

Appartheid was a former policy of segregation, and it was a political and economic discrimation against Non- Europeans groups from Africa, it was a policy of the government from 1948 to 1994. There were many groups who opposed against the policy of apartheid, they revolted but were mostly beaten by officials, one of the famous leaders who lead his people out of apartheid was Nelson Mandela. He was a prominent anti-apartheid activist and leader of the African National Congress, but he was imprisoned for causing sabotage, and it happened in the year 1963. As he spent his 27 years in jail, he became a symbol of the anti-apartheid campaign. When he was finally released in 1990, he negotiated with the white government to put an end to apartheid. Four years later, he was elected the president of South Africa and was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

African Independence

There was a big change in Africa during a 20 year time period, 1955 to 1975. One reason why Africa changed so much was because the British Colony developed the first African colony in south Sahara to achieve independence, called the Gold Coast. One of the leaders that lead them to independence was Kwame Nkrumah, he was a former teacher, he helped liberate the Gold Coast from the British, by organizing strikes and boycotts, and was imprisoned. They receiving their independence, they took the name Ghana, and became the first nation that was governed by black Africans.

Neolithic Revolution

The Neolithic Revolution was a time when the first agricultural revolution took place. It was a time where people would hunt and gather for food, and cropping skills and techniques were developed. Also, people would craft weapons and start armies, people would also start trading things to each other.

The European Union

For many years, Europe has been through many wars, and all ended in bloodshed. Between Germany and France, England, Italy, etc., there were three wars, finally they relized that there should be peace in all of Europe. So, they united an alliance, 25 different nations, all united in the face of Europe, forming the European Union. This is a good thing because it would avoid another war, they are united economically, politically, and socially.

The Right Stuff

In the film, The Right Stuff is based on the competition between the U.S and Russia during the Space Race. Who was winning at the time was Russians, because the were the first ones to send a man into space, while the U.S sent a monkey. Another reason Russia was winning was because they also sent a rocket into space first.

Cuban Missile Crisis

In the period of the Cold War, there was a confrontation between the U.S and Soviet Union. They would compete against each other, the creation on nuclear weapons. The Soviet Union would deploy their nuclear weapons in Cuba, they were placed there to protect Cuba from any attacks from the United States (U.S) after the failure of Bay of Pigs Invasion. It started on October 19, 1962, and the Cuban Missile Crisis is often mentioned because it almost caused the begining of a nuclear war between both the U.S and Soviet Union.

NATO & The Warsaw Pact

NATO stands for North Atlantic Treaty Organization, and it is an organization that includes North America and Europe. The reason for this organization is to aide the countries that requested mutual defense alliance, if they were under any attack. The Warsaw Pact was an organization between Central and Eastern European Communist states, to counter the NATO alliance.

Night and Fog

Night and Fog, shows us how the Auschwitz seems, 10 years after the Holocaust, and shows us what happened in the concentration camps, and the inside of the camps as well. This film was also as powerful as Schindler's List, but Night and Fog shows what really happened, the people that were in the Holocaust, people that died of starvation and how they burned them up, and how they kept piles of dead bodies in the middle of the camps. This documentary illustrates the Holocaust more than the film, Schindler's List, because in Night and Fog, it shows what they have done to the Jews in the Auschwitz, they would use the woman's hair to make cloth, and the skin to make artwork, and much worse. It illustrates what really happened in Auschwitz, it is very strong to see, and shows real facts on what the Nazis done.

Schindler's List

The film, Schindler's list, illustrated the Holocaust because it shows what happened in the concentration camps, and what the Nazi's did to the Jews during that time. All of the scenes of the movie was very powerful, how they put the Jews into ghetto, how they separated the children from their mothers, and some of them died and were sent to be burned. How they shot the Jews in the ghetto was a scene that will stay with me forever, the Nazis came to evacuate the Jews, and began to shoot them, and beat them. What happened in Auschwitz was very messed up, the women that were mistakenly taken to Auschwitz, instead of being brought to Schindler's factory, the women had their hair cut off, and were about to be separated from kids. This movie was very powerful and moving, a movie that changes others.

US Atomic Bombing

The atomic bombing of Japan was the number 1 story of the century. Because the bomb ended World War II, leaving many innocent people dead. There were more news stories in 1945, but if I were to change the list, I would make the Holocaust the number 1 news story, because it explains how cruel Germany was to all the Jews, and the hatred behind Hitler. Also because many people died in the Holocaust, also people that had nothing to do with the war.

World War II

The Nazi propaganda poster has a cross with the name W. Churchill on it, his grave, on the white side of the land, there is a factory, a bed, and an iron glove punching Stalin in the Soviet Union. Propaganda is the spreading of ideas and information, like a public effect. The poster represents the attack of the Soviet Union after the switch of the Battle of Britain. At the bottom of the poster, it says "Europas Sieg dein Wohlstand."

Treaty Of Versailles

Germany was really affected by the end of World War I, at then end of the war, France built a treaty called the Treaty Of Versailles. This treaty was a peace treaty that ended World War I, that stated that Germany must accept responsibility for causing the war, and had to pay for the damages, and this left Germany without money and a depression in Germany. Germany was suppose to pay France and Britain, lost a lot of military power and were forbidden to use large ships. After 10 years, Adolf Hitler tried to overthrow the German government, and was placed in jail for 9 months, but he wrote about how Germany is to blame for it's weak government and made speeches that caught the people's attention, and blamed outsiders from Germany and blamed the Jews.

How Mustafa Kemal modernized Turkey

Mustafa Kemal was the leader of Turkey, he was known as the Father of Turkey, and how he modernized Turkey was that he made the culture make it look more Western. Like, he thought Turkey looked too much of Muslim culture, and wanted everyone to be customed to American and European culture, wearing shirts and pants instead of robes, and Muslims would wear a fez, a kind of Islamic headgear, Mustafa encouraged the people to wear hats. Mustafa didn't like the behavior of women when they hid their faces with cloths, he wanted it to end. Mustafa made Turkey more secular, secular means like relating to other nations.

Gandhi

Gandhi helped India gain it's independence by using civil disobidience, he encouraged the people of India not to purchase British Goods, not to send their children to British schools, and not to pay their taxes. Another way Gandhi helped India gain their independence was the Salt March, the government said that people must purchase government-made salt, and Gandhi went against the new tax on salt, and walked 240 miles to the sea to make salt, almost 60,000 Indians followed him.

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